Fiscal Policy of CIS Countries in 1993-1995

Based exclusively on official data, provided by the State Statistical Office of CIS (Goskomstat of the CIS), this paper provides first an analyses of the main economic differences between CIS countries, and then focuses on consolidated budgets in CIS countries in the years 1992 and 1993.Fiscal Policy, CIS

ECOLOGICALLY SAFETY STORAGE OF HIGH-SULFUR COAL WASTES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF THEIR PROCESSING

There are shown the data on composition and technological properties of solid wastes with high sulphur contents after coal mining and preparation (SCWHS) in Russia. The natural processes causing the pollution of the environment due to contents of sulphur and some potentially toxic elements in these wastes are considered. However these wastes may be promising as raw materials for producing some saleable products. According to Russian regulation a payment for wastes storing depends on so called their class of danger (CD). Methods for the CD determination for coal wastes are described. Results of simulating of thermal treatment in different conditions of SCWHC are shown. Using these results some processes of SCWHS utilization are proposed to produce some valuable products. Some new criteria based on Russian regulations are worked out to determine an ecological danger of mine waters of Russian enterprises and promising methods of mine waters cleaning and utilization. There were conducted experimental investigations on the localization of ecologically dangerous products forming due to interaction of SCWHS with waters flowing through SCWHS damps. Some carbonate rocks and fly ashes were tried for this purpose. There were found that the localization is occurred due to forming of new minerals along with a delaying of the oxidation of sulphides containing in SCWHS. Using these results grounds of some methods are proposed to decrease concentrations of ecologically toxic elements ( Fe, Al, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, As, Pd und oth.) till values considerably less than permitted ones in waters flowing through SCWHS damps. New promising results of experiments on laboratory and industrial installations were got for using these technologies with carbonate rocks for enterprises in central Russia

Structural Analysis of Fertility in Russia

This is one of the first effort to make structural estimation of fertility in Russia.Normal distribution of random individual effect and extreme value distribution of the error are assumed

Structural Analysis of Fertility in Russia

This is one of the first effort to make structural estimation of fertility in Russia.Normal distribution of random individual effect and extreme value distribution of the error are assumed

Essays in International Macroeconomics

Thesis advisor: Fabio GhironiThesis advisor: Susanto BasuMy dissertation develops a set of tools for thinking about heterogeneity in economic models in an analytically tractable way. Many models use the representative agent framework, which greatly simplifies macroeconomic aggregation but abstracts from the heterogeneity we see in the real world. Models with heterogeneity in general equilibrium have too many moving parts, so that it is hard to disentangle cause and effect. First, my work in international macroeconomics incorporates heterogeneity via idiosyncratic shocks across countries in a simple and analytical way. Second, my work on financial frictions helps to understand the role of asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers in different contractual environments. Crucially, these insights can be incorporated into the models currently used by academics and central banks for policy analysis.Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014.Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.Discipline: Economics

Confidence of Agents and Market Frictions

In this paper financial frictions are represented by agents heterogeneity. Presence of savers and borrowers permits to analyse financial frictions in a simple and tractable framework. Different types of borrowers create an effect of costly state verification models. Comparatively to these standard CSV framework different types of shocks are modelled, such as expected increase in the income of borrowers or change in the distribution of borrowers quality. Modellin these effects is hard in representative agent framework and such shocks were not analysed in CSV framework before

Safe Class and Data Evolution in Large and Long-Lived Java Applications

There is a growing class of applications implemented in object-oriented languages that are large and complex, that exploit object persistence, and need to run uninterrupted for long periods of time. Development and maintenance of such applications can present challenges in the following interrelated areas: consistent and scalable evolution of persistent data and code, optimal build management, and runtime changes to applications. The research presented in this thesis addresses the above issues. Since Java is becoming increasingly popular platform for implementing large and long-lived applications, it was chosen for experiments. The first part of the research was undertaken in the context of the PJama system, an orthogonally persistent platform for Java. A technology that supports persistent class and object evolution for this platform was designed, built and evaluated. This technology integrates build management, persistent class evolution, and support for several forms of eager conversion of persistent objects. Research in build management for Java has resulted in the creation of a generally applicable, compiler-independent smart recompilation technology, which can be re-used in a Java IDE, or as a standalone Java-specific utility similar to make. The technology for eager object conversion that we developed allows the developers to perform arbitrarily complex changes to persistent objects and their collections. A high level of developer's control over the conversion process was achieved in part due to introduction of a mechanism for dynamic renaming of old class versions. This mechanism was implemented using minor non-standard extensions to the Java language. However, we also demonstrate how to achieve nearly the same results without modifying the language specification. In this form, we believe, our technology can be largely re-used with practically any persistent object solution for Java. The second part of this research was undertaken using as an implementation platform the HotSpot Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which is currently Sun's main production JVM. A technology was developed that allows the engineers to redefine classes on-the-fly in the running VM. Our main focus was on the runtime evolution of server-type applications, though we also address modification of applications running in the debugger. Unlike the only other similar system for Java known to us, our technology supports redefinition of classes that have methods currently active. Several policies for handling such methods have been proposed, one of them is currently operational, another one is in the experimental stage. We also propose to re-use the runtime evolution technology for dynamic fine-grain profiling of applications

Confidence of Agents and Market Frictions

In this paper financial frictions are represented by agents heterogeneity. Presence of savers and borrowers permits to analyse financial frictions in a simple and tractable framework. Different types of borrowers create an effect of costly state verification models. Comparatively to these standard CSV framework different types of shocks are modelled, such as expected increase in the income of borrowers or change in the distribution of borrowers quality. Modellin these effects is hard in representative agent framework and such shocks were not analysed in CSV framework before

Fertility. Abortion. Contraception. Demographic situation in Russia in 1994-2003.

In this paper author reveals some evidence on pattern of contraception and fertility in Russia. Contrary to common sense it turns out that women that follow very cautios contraceptive strategy make abortion very rarely. Author offers analytical devices to deal with thats issues